Solid-phase microextraction of benzophenones coupled with gas chromatography analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17721/fujcV4I2P55-62Keywords:
benzophenones, solid phase microextraction, gas chromatography, water analysis, urine analysisAbstract
Abstract. In this study, solid-phase microextraction method combines with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. The proposed method is used for the preconcentration of some benzophenones. Influence of different factors on the efficiency of extraction is described in detail. The analytical procedure was optimized for fiber coating selection, extraction time, temperature, sample pH, ionic strength. For all benzophenones, the highest enrichment factors were achieved using carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene fibre immersed directly into the water samples, containing 100 mg/mL of sodium chloride, at room temperature. The optimum pH range is 5.0 – 7.0. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were from 1.3 to 10.0 % (n = 3). The method was applied to the determination of benzophenone, benzophenone-3, 2-hydroxybenzophenone in the lake water and urine.
References
Giokas D, Salvador A, Chisvert A. UV filters: From sunscreens to human body and the environment. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 2007;26(5):360-374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2007.02.012
Zenker A, Schmutz H, Fent K. Simultaneous trace determination of nine organic UV-absorbing compounds (UV filters) in environmental samples. Journal of Chromatography A 2008;1202(1):64-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.06.041
Rodil R, Quintana J, López-Mahía P, Muniategui-Lorenzo S, Prada-Rodríguez D. Multiclass Determination of Sunscreen Chemicals in Water Samples by Liquid Chromatography−Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry 2008;80(4):1307-1315. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac702240u
Ro K, Choi J, Lee M, Kirn J. Determination of salicylate- and benzophenone-type sunscreen agents in cosmetic products by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A 1994;688(1-2):375-382. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(94)00949-x
Jeon H, Chung Y, Ryu J. Simultaneous determination of benzophenone-type UV filters in water and soil by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A 2006;1131(1-2):192-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.07.036
Negreira N, Rodríguez I, Ramil M, Rubí E, Cela R. Sensitive determination of salicylate and benzophenone type UV filters in water samples using solid-phase microextraction, derivatization and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta 2009;638(1):36-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2009.02.015
Kupper T, Plagellat C, Brändli R, de Alencastro L, Grandjean D, Tarradellas J. Fate and removal of polycyclic musks, UV filters and biocides during wastewater treatment. Water Research 2006;40(14):2603-2612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2006.04.012
Balmer M, Buser H, Müller M, Poiger T. Occurrence of Some Organic UV Filters in Wastewater, in Surface Waters, and in Fish from Swiss Lakes. Environmental Science & Technology 2005;39(4):953-962. https://doi.org/10.1021/es040055r
Poiger T, Buser H, Balmer M, Bergqvist P, Müller M. Occurrence of UV filter compounds from sunscreens in surface waters: regional mass balance in two Swiss lakes. Chemosphere 2004;55(7):951-963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.01.012
Giokas D, Sakkas V, Albanis T. Determination of residues of UV filters in natural waters by solid-phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A 2004;1026(1-2):289-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2003.10.114
Kawaguchi M, Ito R, Endo N, Sakui N, Okanouchi N, Saito K, Sato N, Shiozaki T, Nakazawa H. Stir bar sorptive extraction and thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for trace analysis of benzophenone and its derivatives in water sample. Analytica Chimica Acta 2006;557(1-2):272-277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2005.08.087
Rodil R, Moeder M. Development of a method for the determination of UV filters in water samples using stir bar sorptive extraction and thermal desorption–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A 2008;1179(2):81-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.090
Giokas D, Sakkas V, Albanis T, Lampropoulou D. Determination of UV-filter residues in bathing waters by liquid chromatography UV-diode array and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry after micelle mediated extraction-solvent back extraction. Journal of Chromatography A 2005;1077(1):19-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2005.04.074
Cuderman P, Heath E. Determination of UV filters and antimicrobial agents in environmental water samples. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 2006;387(4):1343-1350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-006-0927-y
Lambropoulou D, Giokas D, Sakkas V, Albanis T, Karayannis M. Gas chromatographic determination of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone and octyldimethyl-p-aminobenzoic acid sunscreen agents in swimming pool and bathing waters by solid-phase microextraction. Journal of Chromatography A 2002;967(2):243-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00781-1
Sakkas V, Giokas D, Lambropoulou D, Albanis T. Aqueous photolysis of the sunscreen agent octyl-dimethyl-p-aminobenzoic acid. Journal of Chromatography A 2003;1016(2):211-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(03)01331-1
Felix T, Hall B, S. Brodbelt J. Determination of benzophenone-3 and metabolites in water and human urine by solid-phase microextraction and quadrupole ion trap GC–MS. Analytica Chimica Acta 1998;371(2-3):195-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(98)00293-1
Jeon H, Chung Y, Ryu J. Simultaneous determination of benzophenone-type UV filters in water and soil by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A 2006;1131(1-2):192-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.07.036
Vidal L, Chisvert A, Canals A, Salvador A. Sensitive determination of free benzophenone-3 in human urine samples based on an ionic liquid as extractant phase in single-drop microextraction prior to liquid chromatography analysis. Journal of Chromatography A 2007;1174(1-2):95-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2007.07.077
León Z, Chisvert A, Tarazona I, Salvador A. Solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analytical method for the determination of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone and its metabolites in both human urine and semen. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 2010;398(2):831-843. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-010-3947-6
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
